Hey, also known as spider mites, fire spiders, white spiders, etc., belong to the arachnid in the arthropods, and the insects are different from the same door. It is plain, it is the relationship of cousins. It is divided into two categories: herbivorous cockroaches and predatory cockroaches. What we usually talk about is the herbivorous cockroaches. For predatory cockroaches, we should understand that their activity characteristics are protected and utilized in production. The focus here is on herbivorous cockroaches. The cockroaches are small in form, many in variety, and have many harmful objects. Their reproductive ability and adaptability are very strong, and it is particularly easy to develop resistance to long-lasting acaricides .
1, sassafras
Compared with the leaf aphid, the sassafras is smaller in size, and the adult body is 0.19-0.21 mm long, white or yellowish. The scutellariae has a short life cycle and strong reproductive capacity. The development temperature is 18-28 °C. It is warm and humid, the ventilation time of the greenhouse is reduced, and the temperature and humidity in the shed are increased, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of the sassafras. In addition, the sassafras mites are small, difficult to find with the naked eye, and can spread through crawling, wind, farming operations, etc. This is the two main causes of serious occurrence of sassafras. The sassafras is harmed by sucking plant juices by sucking mouthparts, mainly damaging the young parts of the plants, such as leaves, new shoots, flower buds and fruits. After the crop is damaged, the leaves become thicker and smaller, and the leaves are rust-colored and oil-stained. The leaf edges are curled toward the back, the tender stems are rust-colored, the tip of the neck is dead, and the flower buds are deformed and cannot bloom.
It is best to use acaricides and egg-killing acaricides, such as snail ester, scorpion, aviyl sulphate, etc., and add synergists such as white sugar or silicone to enhance the control effect. .
2, white spider (two-spotted spider mite)
White spider, also known as the two-spotted spider mites, belongs to the family Aphididae. The body length is 0.42-0.59 mm, elliptical, visible to the naked eye, white or yellowish white, with a black long spot on each side of the body. The juice is mainly taken from the back of the blade, causing the leaves to appear as small white chlorotic spots. When the damage is serious, the leaves are scorched and a white wire mesh is formed on the front or branches of the leaves. The occurrence period of white spider mites is long, the breeding speed is fast, and the density of insect worms is large. Once it is broken, it is difficult to control every day. It causes the leaves and leaves to affect the tree potential, which has an impact on the yield and quality of crops. It has become a headache for many growers in recent years. problem.
Diptera is highly resistant, and it has a stronger interspecific competition ability. When mixed with hawthorn spider mites, it will gradually replace the latter. The occurrence trend of the distribution in recent years also proves that once introduced, it will replace other pests and become the dominant species in local vegetables, crops and fruit trees.
If the white spider is seriously endangered, it should be sprayed and controlled every 3-5 heads. The best acaricides for white spiders are: diphenyl phthalate, fenpropathrin, avermectin, bismuth, Butyl ether urea, oxazolidine, etc., the ovicidal agent can be selected from the group consisting of spironolactone, etoxazole, tetraoxazine, soroni and the like.
3, red spider
Red spider is usually the general name of leafhopper. In many cases, we use the species other than the two-spotted spider mites in the leafhopper, which are collectively called red spiders, including cinnabar leafhoppers, all-clawed, truncate leafhoppers, etc., visible to the naked eye. It is red. The red spider mainly harms the middle and upper leaves. When the sputum and the scorpion suck the juice on the back of the leaf, the damaged leaves are yellow on the front side, and a small white chlorotic spot appears on the back side. In severe cases, the silk is netted on the back of the leaf.
4, thorn foot roots
It belongs to the arachnid, the eye, the whitefly. Visible to the naked eye, the color is white.
The damaged underground stems or bulbs are dark brown and spoiled. The affected area spreads to the surrounding and internal tissues with the proliferation of the roots, causing the upper leaves to be small, yellow, slow, and even dead. In production, it often harms onions, amaranth, spinach, lily, alfalfa, sugar beet, potato, gladiolus, Pinellia, Fritillaria, etc., causing the leaves of plants to shrink, and the growth is stagnant and the plants die. The thorn foot roots are happy in the sand. Sometimes a green onion can reach hundreds of heads. There are more than 10 heads on one root and can move in the soil. Acidic soil is seriously damaged. In the prevention and control, 80-100 kg of slaked lime can be applied to the acidic soil, and the pH of the soil is adjusted to neutral.
Acaricides generally refer to agents that kill only insects or kill insects. Many pesticides have excellent acaricidal activity. In the past, they were not included in acaricides, but they are now also used as killing agents. Insecticides are introduced in acaricides.
Before 1918, the first human agent to control mites was sulfur, sulfur powder and stone sulphur mixture, which is still a good medicine for killing in the orchard. Calcium arsenate was also one of the inorganic acaricides used at the time. After 1918, people began to use petroleum emulsions to control pests. In the 1930s, dinitro compounds, in the 1940s, azobenzene, etc., were used successively in agricultural production for killing. In 1944, chlorinated sulfone developed by Stuffer Chemical Company of the United States was the starting chemical acaricide. Since then, the era of organochlorine acaricide has been opened, and dicofol is the most typical acaricide. The promotion and use of organophosphate insecticides plays an important role in the control of mites. However, due to the use of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides, a large number of harmful natural enemies are killed, causing cockroaches. By the 1960s, organophosphorus pesticides were often ineffective.
This has prompted scientists to explore the killing agents that are more efficient and harmless to natural enemies. Since then, quinoxaline, such as chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos, monoterpenes, amitraz and other anthraquinones, organic sulphur represented by benzoquinone, organotins represented by phenbutyltin, The thiazolone represented by Ling, as well as the thiazolone (nisolone), tetrazine, snail ester, etc., have successively developed high-efficiency and low-toxic acaricides which are safer against natural enemies and the environment.
Second, what is the trick to prevent cockroaches?
1, choose the best treatment period medication (weight to weight)
Try to choose to spray at the beginning of the disaster, when the population density and quantity are small, to increase the duration of acaricide and reduce the number of uses.
2, spray should be comprehensive and thorough, especially on the back of the blade, at least 4 barrels of water per mu
Pay attention to the spray technique. It should be evenly placed in the spray, especially pay attention to the densely packed eggs on both sides of the main vein on the back of the blade. In the specific operation, spray until the crop is wet to drip. Most acaricides do not have the ability to add silicone, mineral oil to enhance the expansion, extension and permeability of the liquid.
3, spray interval is short
Once it happens 3-5 days, spray 3 times.
4, a variety of drugs rotation, compound use, delay the resistance effect
At present, the main drugs on the market mainly come with compounding agents. Generally speaking, the main ingredients of current pesticide manufacturers are avermectin, spironolactone/ethazole, diphenyl ester, bifenthrin/cypermethine. Ester, profenofos, fluazinam and the like.
Nowadays, the main main use agents are applied by compounding four kinds of ingredients. Among them, avermectin is used frequently, and the base of red spiders such as profenofos is also used more frequently, mainly pressing base, spiro ester When the temperature is high, oxazole is less affected by temperature, snail ester and oxazole can be used for rotation, and bifenthrin/cypermethrin can also be used for rotation. As for fluazinam, etc. The varieties that are hotter last year can also be used appropriately. As a fruit grower, it is important to remember to dispense the medicine as needed, to rotate the medicine, and to delay the resistance.
1) When the cockroaches, the weak cockroaches and the young cockroaches coexist at the same time, the acaricides which are effective for all the cockroaches of the cockroaches should be selected, and oxazolidine, hydrazine, avermectin and the like may be used. A kind of rotation is used to achieve the purpose of controlling damage.
2) When the eggs with more eggs are coexisting, you should use long-acting acaricide with good egg-killing effect and egg-and-yeast treatment. You can use ovicidal agents such as snail ester, acetazol, tetrazine, and Solang. Nie et al, these agents can penetrate the eggs to eliminate mites, so that the eggs can not develop hatching, killing cockroaches to achieve the purpose of controlling the rapid growth of cockroaches.
Third, the analysis and selection of commonly used agents
Commonly used agents for aphids include: avermectin, carbendazim, etoxazole, bifenazate, spirodecyl ester, tetraoxazine, profenofos, amitraz, and thioxanthone. Among them, oxazolidine, spiro sterol ester, tetradecazine, and thiazolone mainly prevent and cure eggs, and sputum; scorpion, amitraz, avermectin, and profenofos are mainly used to prevent and cure mites.
1, prevention and control of spider mites, generally do not use broad-spectrum insecticides and acaricides, such as fenvalerate, bifenthrin and other pyrethroids and organophosphorus drugs. Bifenthrin, fenvalerate, etc. both kill insects and kill cockroaches, but also damage the natural enemies. The natural enemies of Ye Hao have been reduced, and the leaf mites have reoccured, which will also cause other pests. This is because the leaf mites are not restricted by natural enemies and the reproduction speed is accelerated.
2, biphenyl phthalate is a new type of selective foliar acaricide, mainly used for the prevention and control of active leaf mites, and has an ovicidal effect on other mites, especially the two-spotted spider mites. Not systemic. It is recommended to use crops safely within the dosage range. Diphenyl phthalate was developed by Uniroyal Chemical Company of the United States. The patent protection period has passed in December 2012. In the past two years, the registration heat of the biphenyl quinone acaricide biphenyl decyl ester in domestic enterprises is growing.
3, Qiling not only kills leafhoppers, but also kills whitefly, aphids and leafhoppers. It is effective against Cheng, Ruoqi and eggs, and has good control effect on vermilion leafhoppers, truncate leafhoppers and tea sassafras. .
4, avermectin can kill red spiders (cinnabar leaves, truncate leafhoppers), but also kill white spiders (two-spotted spider mite), effective against Plutella xylostella, whitefly, and Liriomyza sativae. Spectral antibiotic insecticides and acaricides, usually used to control white spiders (two-spotted spider mites).
5, some pharmacy to kill cockroaches effect is good, egg killing effect is poor, such as acetylene sputum; some agents are good at killing eggs, but no lethality to adult mites, such as thiazolone. The use of thiazolone in combination with scorpion, avermectin or alkyne is used to kill and kill eggs, thereby improving the control effect. When using scorpion and other chemicals to control the two-spotted spider mites, avermectin should be added.
6, Liuyangmycin is also an antibiotic-type acaricide, but special killing cockroaches, has a contact effect on cockroaches, also has an inhibitory effect on cockroaches, so it can be used alone. However, it should be noted that this medicine is suitable for the phytotoxicity of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and radish, and should be used with caution.
7. A broad-spectrum acaricide with a broad-spectrum poisoning agent has the functions of contact, antifeeding and repellent, and also has certain stomach poisoning, fumigation and systemic action. It is effective against all insects in the mites, but has poor control effect on wintering eggs. . Pears are sensitive to amitraz and should be used with caution!
8, must pay attention to the use of triazole tin and alkyne. Triazolium can not be used during high temperature, can not be used on peppers, can not add weight to the eggplant, and is not effective for the eggs during high temperature; acetylene is generally used to control red and white spiders of fruit trees, it is not recommended to use directly Vegetable leaf spray, otherwise it can burn the leaves and is not safe.
Fourth, pollution-free prevention methods
1, chili liquid method: take fresh pepper (the more spicy the better) 500 grams, add water 15 kg - 20 kg, cook for 10 minutes - 15 minutes, filter the juice, add 100 grams -125 grams of washing powder, hot water 50 kg, stir evenly spray. This method can effectively control various pests such as aphids, red spiders, planthoppers, and tigers.
2, onion and garlic liquid method. Garlic and onion agents are mixed and smashed with 20 grams each. They are wrapped in gauze and soaked in 10 kg of water for 24 hours. The gauze is taken out. This liquid can effectively control pests such as mites, red spiders and beetles.
3. Flour method: Take 250g of wheat flour, add 7.5-8kg of water, and spray evenly on the back of the leaves of the plant damaged by spider mites at around 12 noon. After 10 minutes, the red spider was all stuck to the legs by the flour and died on the back of the leaves. This method is also applicable to cotton, fruit trees, vegetables and other crops.
4, bitter and spicy tincture: 2 kg of bitter lychee leaves and spicy sorghum, cut into 3-5 cm long, put into the pot and add 10-20 kg of water to boil, add 1 kg of grass ash at a concentration of 1 kg, and then continue Boil for 1 hour and filter to a stock solution. The stock solution was diluted with water 1:3, and the control effect was 98.8%.
5, fresh pine injection: fresh pine needle 3 kg, chopped and add water 7 kg, cook for 45 minutes, filter to obtain the original solution. Spray the stock solution on water 40-50 kg, spray once every 5-7 days, even spray 2-3 times, the control effect is above 93%.
6. Tobacco leaf agent: 1 kg of tobacco leaf or 2 kg of tobacco stem, add 10 kg of boiling water, soak for 24 hours, add a small amount of lime to filter the original solution. According to the 1 kg stock solution, the water is diluted by 3 kg, sprayed once every 5-7 days, and sprayed 3 times, the control effect is 94%.
7, washing alkali method: washing powder 15 grams, 20% of caustic soda 15 ml, water 7.5 kg, the three are mixed and sprayed, the control effect of 94-98.3%.
8, washing wood mixture: washing powder 250 grams with a small amount of hot water dissolved, add 150 grams of diesel and mix well, then add 50 kg of water to stir into a mixture spray, control effect of 96.8%.
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