Lithium, as a new type of energy and strategic resource, has attracted much attention in the 21st century. Especially in recent years, with the development of lithium battery technology and its application in the field of controlled nuclear fusion, its role is more prominent. It continues to grow at a rate of 7% to 11% per year. Lithium is also known as "energy metal in the 21st century" and "clean energy in the 21st century." It is predicted that lithium will become an important strategic resource in the future as well as present oil.
Lithium resources mainly occur in salt lake and granite pegmatite deposits, of which salt lake lithium resources account for 69% of the global lithium reserves and 87% of the global lithium reserves base. China has abundant lithium brine resources, and its lithium reserves rank third in the world, mainly distributed in the Qaidam Basin on the Tibetan Plateau and Zhabuye Lake in Tibet. Among them, the Qaidam Basin salt lake is rich in lithium resources and reserves account for China ’s lithium. More than 80% of the total resource reserves, 1/3 of the world's total salt lake lithium reserves. Therefore, the geochemical causes and material sources of the lithium resources in the Salt Lake of Qaidam Basin are necessary conditions for the sustainable and green development of the lithium resources in the Salt Lake of Qaidam Basin, and will also be important for the stable production and development of large-scale salt lake industries in China Role in promoting the overall sustainable development of China ’s salt lake resources.
Recently, the team of the Laboratory of Surface Processes and Chemical Weathering of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute, conducted systematic sampling and analysis of 31 typical salt lake samples in the Qaidam Basin. Obtained lithium isotope data of the salt lake in Qaidam Basin.
The data shows that the lithium isotope geochemical characteristics of the salt lake in the Qaidam Basin show three distinct zones, and the lithium isotopes in each zone are significantly different. By further discussing the data such as the structure of the Qaidam Basin, it is revealed that the structure of the Qaidam Basin is the main factor causing the lithium isotope difference in the salt lake (see figure).
The salt lake in the western Qaidam Basin is currently the main lithium mining and processing area in China. The article focuses on in-depth discussion of the sources of lithium in this area. Through the comprehensive analysis of different samples (hot springs, river water, rocks, lake water and intercrystalline brine), it was found that the lithium in the salt lakes in this area mainly came from the hot springs in the Kekesili area through the flood river system.
The study also calculated that the beach section of the Qarhan Salt Lake Biele District is a lithium-rich tail-living salt lake, which is rich in underground lithium resources. The Chaerhan Salt Lake is China's largest potash fertilizer production base. Potassium fertilizer production may require the extraction of underground brine in the Bieletan section. Therefore, the article suggests that during the expansion of the Chaerhan potassium salt production, enterprises must consider adjusting production methods to avoid The production of potash fertilizer wastes precious lithium resources.
The research was jointly funded by the Salt Lake Chemical Industry-Joint Fund Project, the National Natural Science Foundation General Project, and the Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Research Project.
Lithium Isotope Zoning of Salt Lake in Qaidam Basin
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