[Chinese aluminum industry network] Not long ago, China Nonferrous Metals published a short essay "Tail Mine Resources: Eat dry pressed net to turn waste into treasure" later wrote: "The tailings resources are obvious in social benefits and ecological benefits. Even if the economic benefits are not inferior to concentrates or imported mines.†This is an easy-to-professional person who is eager to innovate, and it is easy to draw conclusions from the analysis and accounting of the information provided in the essays, but it is difficult to win the trust of the general readers. Therefore continue to write this article to add a little supplementary analysis.
The above article focuses on two methods of development and utilization. One is to prepare alumina, active silicon and other valuable components by pre-desilication of high-silica-alumina, and the second is to electrothermally refine aluminum-silicon-titanium master alloys. According to reports, more than 80% of the alumina produced from domestic diaspore is prepared using the Bayer process. However, due to limited information resources, it is not known how many emissions and stocks there are. It can only be inferred from normal knowledge: the amount is not in the minority. The Great Wall Aluminum Corporation is still being used as an example to analyze and determine.
The tailings have hidden considerable economic benefits. The ore dressing tests conducted in the 1990s were selected as Xiaoguan Mine. Raw ore A/S 5.83, Concentrate A/S11, Yield 80%, Tailings A/S1.4; Concentrate alumina recovery rate 86.45%, Impurities mainly 80% of Fe2O3 and TiO2, and others The total content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxide, impurities was 8.83%, and the loss of heat was 13.26%. In recent years, the alumina content of the selected ores decreased, about 60%, A/S3.5, concentrate A/S6.5, tailings A/S1.35, annual processing volume 700,000 tons, output concentrates nearly 50 In tons, the concentrate yield is about 72%. According to the concept of best use, each ton of alumina produced requires about 2.3 tons of ore, and 1.4 tons of concentrate per ton of mineral. If the concentration of alumina concentrate improves to 90%, the ton concentrate is roughly calculated. Can create a production value of 1600 yuan up and down. The tailings, red mud (Bayer process without lime) together, can create an output value of up and down 1,700 yuan, because the output is active SiO2, the price is more than twice the alumina. If calculated by weight, the output value of 2,500 yuan per ton of tailings and red mud will be no less than concentrate. As for the imported ore, the average output of one ton of alumina per 3 tons is worth 2,500 yuan, and the price of one ton of iron powder is 900 yuan. If the amount of red mud is more than one ton, it can create a production value of 500 yuan, a total of 3,900 yuan. The average value of production per ton of imported ore is 1,300 yuan, and the relative ratio between the two is even more obvious. Therefore, the essay is not exaggerated, so it is a mystery, but it is rooted and practical. The key to the problem is the way of thinking. In the eyes that have been formed for many years, only alumina, tailings, and red mud have been worthless. They have long been used to becoming entrenched and deeply entrenched. It is easier said than they want to change! Only hope that under the new normal under the encouragement of ecological construction can have a turning point. Once the potential value of a tailings is discovered one day, it is worth a hundredfold and it is regarded as a fragrant oyster. The development and utilization of tailings with high value-added and turning waste into treasure will become a reality.
There are experimental studies at home and abroad for pre-silicon removal of high silica ore, and university textbooks also have special chapters. For example, the 11th chapter of the book Light Metal Metallurgy published by Metallurgical Publishing House in 1959, taking kaolin as an example, For detailed discussion, there are reference values.
Electro-thermal refining of aluminum-silicon alloys Moh said that it is unheard of to mention that the use of tailings as the main raw material for refining aluminum-silicon alloys. This is related to the characteristics of Chinese bauxite. China's dicalite has the characteristics of high silicon and low iron, which is also an advantage. Otherwise, the iron-containing high iron removal processing is difficult, the cost is high, and the output value is low. In the former Soviet Union, the main raw material for the production of Al-Si alloys was selected from Aktasse ore production, precisely because of the low iron content of the mine. After one rough selection and two fine selections, the A/S ratio reached more than 1.2. Pellet material, but the tailings will be abandoned. The United States tried Arkansas high-iron bauxite because it was difficult to remove iron and concentrate iron content did not meet the standards and gave up the test. China's bauxite contains low iron content. Even tailings can meet the standard requirements by using high gradient magnetic separation. Due to the small processing difficulty and low cost, the unit cost of refining tons of alloy is 2.8 tons, which is only one or two hundred yuan. This alone is nearly 2,000 less than the former Soviet Union's selection of nearly 2 tons of kaolin and 800 kg of alumina collocation. yuan. The cost of the alloy varies from about 7,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan per ton depending on the electricity price. The selling price is calculated at a market price of 13,000 yuan per ton. A miner's furnace with an annual output of 10,000 tons needs to invest 150 million yuan. With the use of an idle heat furnace, it needs to invest 40 million yuan. The tailings contain a small amount of titanium oxide, and the resulting master alloy contains titanium, and a small amount of titanium can optimize the mechanical properties of the alloy. Since the master alloy can be used to formulate hypoeutectic deformation alloys in addition to aluminum-silicon casting alloys, the application range and market space are expanded, especially in the processing of aluminum scrap, which can effectively resolve some difficulties that have been formed for a long time. To promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises as soon as possible and embark on a healthy development.
However, contrary to expectations, in the 1950s, Fushun Aluminum Plant and Tangshan Steel Plant and other large-scale iron alloy factories invariably conducted electrothermal refining of aluminum-silicon alloys. There was no success. Since then, two large companies have established projects on behalf of aluminum-silicon alloys, built large-capacity submerged arc furnaces, and tried to refine aluminum-silicon alloys. They also ended up with no results. They only had to switch to ferroalloys. In recent years, they could only be helpless in laboratories. In the small-scale experiment of aluminum-silicon alloy industrialization, China's aluminum industry has no way to face the electrothermal refining of aluminum-silicon alloys, and has been discouraged. Electrothermal refining of aluminum-silicon alloys has entered a period of hibernation.
The author engaged in and paid attention to electrothermal refining of aluminum-silicon alloys for many years. He deeply felt that the past assumptions, self-righteousness, lack of understanding, and technical experience in applying ferroalloys to manufacturing ferroalloys were the main causes of failure. If we can understand the similarities and differences between refining aluminum-silicon alloys and ferroalloys, we will learn from others with open-mindedness and grasp the empirical theories that have been handled by the former Soviet Union for the past two decades. We will use our country’s unique resource advantages in combination with domestic The technical innovations in the submerged arc furnace, such as: secondary compensation, automatic adjustment of three-phase energy balance, application of low-frequency devices, and other aspects of the promotion of the application, may completely do better and more perfect. The kind of "having been bitten by snakes for 10 years" is a bad idea for electrothermal methods. It should be difficult to overcome difficulties, and it must be determined to overcome difficulties, especially in large-scale enterprises. Joint ventures should be brave enough to take the lead and hang gardens. This not only contributes to the contribution of the aluminum industry, but also brings endless vitality to the prosperity of the company itself!
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