Q: Why do you want to return the straw?
Answer: Crop straw is rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients. After returning to the field, it can fertilize soil and save fertilizer, and change straw burning to straw returning. It can also reduce smoke pollution and facilitate transportation.
Q: What technical points should I master with straw returning?
A: The straw of the returning field can be fertilized and soiled and absorbed by the crops after being rotted and releasing nutrients under the action of microorganisms. Therefore, the key to straw returning technology is to create conditions for the biochemical reaction of microorganisms and to ensure that seedling growth is not harmed. The technical point is: First, crush the straw and turn it in time. The straw is cut into small pieces or pulverized to make water and the like easily immersed; the pressing time should be matched with the agricultural time, generally after the harvest of the current season crops, before the raking crops are planted; the depth of the tumbling is not less than 20 cm. Second, it is necessary to apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Straw has a high carbon to nitrogen ratio and a low nitrogen and phosphorus content. Generally, 200 to 300 kg of dry straw is returned per mu, and an additional 5 kg of urea is added. Third, we must regulate soil moisture. The soil moisture which is conducive to straw rot and seedling growth is about 20%. For the straw returning before the planting of southern rice blast, the groundwater level should be reduced by shallow irrigation, timely drying and dredging. The straw is returned to the field, and the soil moisture should be improved by appropriate deep-plowing and pouring water.
Q: What is the problem with the summer corn planted after the wheat straw is returned to the field?
Answer: The reason why the summer corn seedlings are yellow is that the straw is not cut enough, the pressure of the rolling and the soil preparation is not high, so that the seeds are suspended, and the water and nutrients cannot be obtained. Second, the fertilization is unreasonable, no additional nitrogen fertilizer is applied, or The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer used in the compound fertilizer is low; the third is that the soil moisture is insufficient, and the microorganisms compete with the seedlings for water when the straw rots. It is recommended to look at the above three points to find the cause and take corresponding improvement measures.
Q: How should I make rational use of green manure?
A: The rational use of green manure must do the following: First, rational planting. Green manure mainly provides nutrients for the post-crop crops, so it is necessary to select suitable green soil varieties suitable for local soil, climatic conditions and crops. For example, alfalfa, grass rafts are suitable for fertilizer, forage and green manure; Chinese milk vetch and green sap can be used as rice sap green manure; legume crops can fix nitrogen, and can be rotated or intercropped with gramineous crops. The second is to timely pressure. Green manure is too early to turn, the biomass and nutrient content are not high; the overpressure is too late, the stems and leaves are fibrotic or lignified, it is not easy to decompose and rot, and the feed value is reduced. Generally, it should be turned over during the bud period to the full bloom period. The third is the right amount of pressure. The amount of overturning pressure is 1500-2000 kg, generally not more than 3,000 kg. Excessive over-pressure can easily cause crops to grow and soil nitrate accumulation or loss. The fourth is to create conditions for the decomposing of green fertilizer. If the soil is dry, it should be properly irrigated before tumbling, or overwhelmed by rain; in acidic soil, apply appropriate amount of lime when tumbling, neutralize the acidity produced by soil and green manure fermentation, in order to facilitate green manure decomposition.
Q: Can the apple orchard grow green manure? What should I do?
A: The orchard can be planted with green manure or short-term crops. This will make full use of the land, increase the ground cover, and help to suppress weeds and reduce soil erosion. There are two main ways to use orchard green manure: one is to press on the spot. After harvesting from the bud stage to the early flowering stage, it is pulverized into about 10 cm, evenly spread on the field surface, and after drying for half a day, it is pressed into the soil, and the amount of pressure is 1000-1500 kg per mu. After conditional tumbling, water can be poured once every 1-2 days to facilitate the decomposing of green manure and unconditionally wait for the rain to be ripe. The second is to apply under the tree. Dig a few 60 cm deep trenches or pits along the outer edge of the canopy; smash the cut green manure into 10 cm or so, and use 50-70 kg of green manure per tree, mix it with the soil and fill it with the soil. Fill in and pour water.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Answer: Crop straw is rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients. After returning to the field, it can fertilize soil and save fertilizer, and change straw burning to straw returning. It can also reduce smoke pollution and facilitate transportation.
Q: What technical points should I master with straw returning?
A: The straw of the returning field can be fertilized and soiled and absorbed by the crops after being rotted and releasing nutrients under the action of microorganisms. Therefore, the key to straw returning technology is to create conditions for the biochemical reaction of microorganisms and to ensure that seedling growth is not harmed. The technical point is: First, crush the straw and turn it in time. The straw is cut into small pieces or pulverized to make water and the like easily immersed; the pressing time should be matched with the agricultural time, generally after the harvest of the current season crops, before the raking crops are planted; the depth of the tumbling is not less than 20 cm. Second, it is necessary to apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Straw has a high carbon to nitrogen ratio and a low nitrogen and phosphorus content. Generally, 200 to 300 kg of dry straw is returned per mu, and an additional 5 kg of urea is added. Third, we must regulate soil moisture. The soil moisture which is conducive to straw rot and seedling growth is about 20%. For the straw returning before the planting of southern rice blast, the groundwater level should be reduced by shallow irrigation, timely drying and dredging. The straw is returned to the field, and the soil moisture should be improved by appropriate deep-plowing and pouring water.
Q: What is the problem with the summer corn planted after the wheat straw is returned to the field?
Answer: The reason why the summer corn seedlings are yellow is that the straw is not cut enough, the pressure of the rolling and the soil preparation is not high, so that the seeds are suspended, and the water and nutrients cannot be obtained. Second, the fertilization is unreasonable, no additional nitrogen fertilizer is applied, or The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer used in the compound fertilizer is low; the third is that the soil moisture is insufficient, and the microorganisms compete with the seedlings for water when the straw rots. It is recommended to look at the above three points to find the cause and take corresponding improvement measures.
Q: How should I make rational use of green manure?
A: The rational use of green manure must do the following: First, rational planting. Green manure mainly provides nutrients for the post-crop crops, so it is necessary to select suitable green soil varieties suitable for local soil, climatic conditions and crops. For example, alfalfa, grass rafts are suitable for fertilizer, forage and green manure; Chinese milk vetch and green sap can be used as rice sap green manure; legume crops can fix nitrogen, and can be rotated or intercropped with gramineous crops. The second is to timely pressure. Green manure is too early to turn, the biomass and nutrient content are not high; the overpressure is too late, the stems and leaves are fibrotic or lignified, it is not easy to decompose and rot, and the feed value is reduced. Generally, it should be turned over during the bud period to the full bloom period. The third is the right amount of pressure. The amount of overturning pressure is 1500-2000 kg, generally not more than 3,000 kg. Excessive over-pressure can easily cause crops to grow and soil nitrate accumulation or loss. The fourth is to create conditions for the decomposing of green fertilizer. If the soil is dry, it should be properly irrigated before tumbling, or overwhelmed by rain; in acidic soil, apply appropriate amount of lime when tumbling, neutralize the acidity produced by soil and green manure fermentation, in order to facilitate green manure decomposition.
Q: Can the apple orchard grow green manure? What should I do?
A: The orchard can be planted with green manure or short-term crops. This will make full use of the land, increase the ground cover, and help to suppress weeds and reduce soil erosion. There are two main ways to use orchard green manure: one is to press on the spot. After harvesting from the bud stage to the early flowering stage, it is pulverized into about 10 cm, evenly spread on the field surface, and after drying for half a day, it is pressed into the soil, and the amount of pressure is 1000-1500 kg per mu. After conditional tumbling, water can be poured once every 1-2 days to facilitate the decomposing of green manure and unconditionally wait for the rain to be ripe. The second is to apply under the tree. Dig a few 60 cm deep trenches or pits along the outer edge of the canopy; smash the cut green manure into 10 cm or so, and use 50-70 kg of green manure per tree, mix it with the soil and fill it with the soil. Fill in and pour water.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
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