Silicon is the second most abundant element in the soil, but most of the soil is ineffective against plants. Although silicon is not an essential element of all crops, it is necessary for the healthy growth and development of crops such as rice and sugar cane. Silicon is the first major element required for rice, and its demand exceeds the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Silicon fertilizer has the functions of “three anti-three, three promotion and two improvementâ€. The third resistance is resistance to lodging, resistance to pests and diseases, and stress resistance; the third promotion promotes photosynthesis, promotes root growth and development, and promotes nutrient absorption and utilization; the second improvement is to improve crop quality and improve soil.
There are two main ways to supplement silicon in silicon-deficient soil. One is to supplement silicon by irrigation water, and the other is to apply silicon fertilizer. Silicon fertilizer is a special fertilizer used to meet the growth needs of crops such as rice. There are three main types of silicon fertilizer used in current production. The first type is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium peroxydisilicate and sodium metasilicate. This kind of fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer, which has quick effect and has the disadvantages of high pH and high price. The second category is silicon fertilizer processed from industrial solid waste. This kind of fertilizer belongs to the glutinous soluble slow-acting fertilizer, mainly composed of blast furnace slag - water quenching slag and yellow phosphorus slag and other mechanically ground powder or granular silicon-calcium fertilizer. The pH of the silicon fertilizer is alkaline, containing 20% ​​to 30% of effective silica and about 30% of calcium oxide. The advantage is that it belongs to waste resource utilization and has the characteristics of circular economy. Its agronomy, economic and environmental benefits are high, and the price is low, but the disadvantage is that the dosage is too large and the transportation is inconvenient. The third type is silicate microbial agent, commonly known as "bio-silicon fertilizer", which belongs to Bacillus sp. which has the functions of dissolving potassium, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving silicon. It can decompose silicate minerals in soil and release effective potassium and phosphorus. And silicon. The advantage is that it utilizes the silicon-containing minerals in the soil and has the concept of green environmental protection. The disadvantage is that the product price is too high, and the stability of the yield increasing effect needs further observation and experiment.
The blast furnace slag (water quenching slag) can be processed into a more ideal silicon-calcium fertilizer. In the 1950s, Japan took the lead in passing national legislation and establishing national standards, stipulating that rice fertilization must be applied together with steel slag silicon-calcium fertilizer and N, P, and K fertilizers. The annual amount of silicon-calcium fertilizer is more than 1 million tons, and the peak period reaches 3 million. Ton. The promotion and application of silicon-calcium fertilizer played a key role in ensuring rice self-sufficiency and high yield and quality of rice after the war. Silicon-calcium fertilizer is also widely used in Southeast Asian rice-producing countries, South America and North America. Since the 1970s, China has carried out research on the application of silicon-calcium fertilizer in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other provinces. . Field trials have shown that silicon-calcium fertilizer has a good yield-increasing effect on crops. The yield increase range is 5% to 29% for rice, 5% to 15% for wheat, 10% to 35% for peanuts, 5% to 20% for soybeans, 5% to 25% for sugar cane, 4% to 20% for corn, and 10% for sesame. ~ 15%, cotton 5% ~ 15%, hemp 10% ~ 25%, vegetables 5% ~ 20%, strawberries 5% ~ 30%, watermelon 10% ~ 25%, cucumber 10% ~ 20%. At the same time, the application of silicon-calcium fertilizer can improve the quality of agricultural products, such as the protein content of rice and the rate of whole milled rice, while the degree of chalkiness is reduced, the sugar content, coloring rate and storability of apples are significantly improved, and the vitamin C content of tomatoes and The sugar production of sugar cane has increased significantly. The application of silicon is of great significance for reducing pesticide use, reducing pesticide residues, neutralizing and improving acidic soils, inactivating soil heavy metal activity, reducing heavy metal content of agricultural products, and improving agricultural products and environmental safety.
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